We examine a charge made against the Oxford mathematician Abraham Robertson in 1807 that in publishing what he claimed to be a new proof of the Binomial Theorem, he had in fact plagiarized a method used by Leonhard Euler thirty years earlier. We place Robertson and his work into their historical context, before looking at the details of the proof itself and considering the nature of the charges against him. We use the case to reflect on the nature of plagiarism in mathematics.
